Marić, Mirela and Knights, Vesna and Bytyqi, Dardan and Jankuloska, Vezirka and Gajdoš Kljusurić, Jasenka A Transparent Rule-Based Decision-Support Prototype for Diabetic Menu Planning and Meal-Combination Optimization: Development and Computational Evaluation. Nutrients. ISSN ISSN: 2072-6643
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: Translating medical nutrition therapy guidance into practical meal plans requires consistent application of clinical and dietetic rules while accommodating different therapeutic regimens. This study developed and computationally evaluated a transparent Python-based decision-support prototype for diabetic menu planning. Methods: The prototype combines procedural decision rules, food-exchange patterns, nutritional checks, and mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). Two meal-frequency pathways were represented: a conventional multi-meal pathway and a three-main-meal pathway for people treated with modern basal–bolus insulin regimens. For the multi-meal pathway, a structured dataset containing 42 candidate meals (seven alternatives in each of six meal categories) was used for objective-specific optimization and exhaustive evaluation of all 117,649 possible daily combinations under predefined nutritional constraints. Sensitivity to the allowable energy deviation and trade-offs among nutritional objectives were also examined. Results: The prototype produced deterministic pathway selection, exchange allocation, nutritional summaries, and explicit warnings when required information was unavailable. Under the baseline ±6.5% energy tolerance, 5628 of 117,649 six-meal combinations (4.78%) satisfied all nutritional constraints. Objective-specific optimization identified feasible solutions for minimizing energy, carbohydrate, and saturated fat and maximizing dietary fiber. The proportion of feasible combinations ranged from 2.71% at ±5% energy tolerance to 9.47% at ±10%, while comparison of objective-specific solutions demonstrated measurable nutritional trade-offs. The three-meal basal–bolus pathway generated predefined exchange allocation and clinical-review warnings but was not subjected to the same exhaustive combinatorial optimization. Conclusions: The prototype demonstrates the computational feasibility of integrating explicit dietetic rules, regimen-related meal-pattern selection, food-exchange allocation, and mathematical optimization within an inspectable decision-support framework. The findings establish technical feasibility within the evaluated datasets rather than clinical effectiveness. Independent software testing, expert usability assessment, evaluation using larger and version-controlled meal datasets, and prospective clinical validation are required before routine clinical implementation.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Scientific Fields (Frascati) > Natural sciences > Mathematics |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Technology and Technical Sciences |
| Depositing User: | Prof. d-r. Vesna Knights |
| Date Deposited: | 01 Oct 2026 06:16 |
| Last Modified: | 01 Oct 2026 06:16 |
| URI: | https://eprints.uklo.edu.mk/id/eprint/11842 |
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- A Transparent Rule-Based Decision-Support Prototype for Diabetic Menu Planning and Meal-Combination Optimization: Development and Computational Evaluation. (deposited 01 Oct 2026 06:16) [Currently Displayed]
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