Pejcinovska, Natasa and Dodovski, Petar and Karabolovski, Nikola and Zdraveski, Igor and Dameski, Pance and HRISTOVSKA, TALIJA and Angelovska, Maja and Ristevski, Mimi (2025) MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE STOMACH IN DOMESTIC PIGS (SUS SCROFA DOMESTICA). Journal of Hygienic Engineering and Design.
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Abstract
Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) share significant
anatomical and physiological resemblances with
humans, making them an excellent animal model
for studying the specific virulence mechanisms of
pathogens, microbial pathogenesis, inflammatory
response, and development of various microbial
diseases. In recent years, the utilization of porcine
models for studying human bacterial infections has
increased, as a consequence of higher restrictions
on the use of alternative animal models (non-human
primates and dogs) for ethical reasons. The purpose
of this study is to describe the morphological aspects
and evaluate the histological variations in the
different regions of the pig stomach to determine
the morphological and histological similarities of the
stomach in other monogastrics, including humans.
Sixty stomachs of the Landrace breed of pigs were
collected immediately after slaughtering and
examined to evaluate morphological and histological
features. All examined pigs’ stomachs exhibited the
same morphological appearance: „C” shaped, hollow,
muscular organ with two curvatures (lesser and
greater). After opening along a significant curvature,
the mucosal surface exhibited four different regions: an
oesophageal region with pale color, greyish, a cardiac
region, maroon colored, a fundic region, and a pyloric
region with pinkish color, which ended with the pyloric
sphincter. For histological examination, four samples
of the gastric mucosa (pars oesophagea, pars cardiaca,
pars fundica, and pars pylorica) were taken from each
stomach, fixed in 10% neutral formalin, and embedded
in paraffin wax, stained with hematoxylin and eosin,
and assessed using the light microscope.
The oesophageal (non-glandular) region was covered
with a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium,
while all glandular regions (cardiac, fundic, and pyloric)
were lined with simple columnar epithelium. Gastric
glands found in the fundic region were rich with
parietal and chief cells, while mucous-secreting cells
were most predominant in both cardiac and pyloric
glands. In the non-glandular and glandular regions
of pigs’ stomachs, tunica submicosa, tunica muscularis,
and tunica serosa have the same appearance. The tunica
submucosa consists of connective tissue, collagen,
elastic fibers, blood, and lymphatic vessels. The tunica
muscularis contains sub-layers of smooth muscle cells
mainly oriented in the longitudinal and circumferential
direction of the organ, while the tunica serosa is made
of loose connective tissue covered by a single layer of
squamous epithelium called mesothelium.
In summary, regarding the similarities in size, shape,
and function of stomach glandular regions in pigs and
humans, pigs can serve as a useful animal model for
various gastric-associated diseases.
Key words: Pigs stomach, Non-glandular, Glandular,
Morphology, Histology.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Scientific Fields (Frascati) > Agricultural Sciences > Veterinary science |
| Divisions: | Faculty of Veterinary Medicine |
| Depositing User: | Mr Aleksandar Lozanovski |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Apr 2026 09:17 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Apr 2026 09:23 |
| URI: | https://eprints.uklo.edu.mk/id/eprint/11525 |
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