Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Facilitation in Complexity pp 205–235Cite as

MultiCREATION: Multi-Stakeholder Problem-Driven Approach

Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurship

  • 224 Accesses

Part of the Contributions to Management Science book series (MANAGEMENT SC.)

Abstract

Collaboration among several different actors is of vital importance in co-creation and for new value creation. The MultiCreation approach defined by Petrevska-Nechkoska et al. for collaboration among academia, policy makers, businesses, community, and civil society organizations was the foundation for generalizing a new model that will contribute to defining the distinctive roles for co-creation and establishing the processes of creating new values. The MultiCreation approach was focused on establishing the fundamentals for a competitive and compatible model for successful co-creating approach and action in line with internationally recognized norms and standards, as well as with the requirements that are imposed by new technologies and changes and to add a vision that underscores prospective scientific, technological, and societal trends. In this chapter, taking into account the theoretical foundations, the already established Triple Helix model, Quadruple Helix model, Quintuple Helix model, N-tuple Helix model and the extensive inspiration in the literature review, as well as upon the qualitative comparative analysis of three case studies which generated and traced the MultiCreation approach in different problem-based missions we are able to propose a generic n-units (turbine) model for collaboration and co-creation. There are three types of roles in the model: Initiator, Facilitator, and Implementer. Each of these types of roles can be populated and represented by n-actors from various profiles. Number and types of actors depend on the nature of the existing problem that can be addressed by co-creation. Finally, a generic iterative co-creation process model has been developed. This model consists of three different interconnected stages with intertwined processes in each stage: Collaboration in Problem identification, Collaboration in Solutions identification, and Collaboration in Problem solving and solution implementation. With this we are wrapping up a design process of several years in projects, incorporating multiple disciplines and modeling the learnings for generic use in diverse contexts and domains, fit for use of the MultiCreation approach.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.

Chapter
EUR   29.95
Price includes VAT (France)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
EUR   128.39
Price includes VAT (France)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
EUR   168.79
Price includes VAT (France)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    This paradigm is not new; according to Etzkowitz and De Mello (2004), it was first introduced in 1967 by the Director of the Netherlands Central Organization for Applied Scientific Research, who coined the term “triangle.”

  2. 2.

    Project information: http://moodle.eccfp.edu.mk/course/view.php?id=189.

  3. 3.

    UKLO for the Community portal information: http://moodle.eccfp.edu.mk/course/view.php?id=190 and http://tactical-management-in-complexity.com/course/view.php?id=22.

  4. 4.

    “HEI Student Internship in NGOs—towards a functional bridge across WB (HEIntern <> NGO) project information: https://www.web4yes.eu/news/138/online-final-event%2D%2D-heinternngo.html; and https://www.web4yes.eu/news/139/publication%2D%2D-internship-and-career-development-guide-for-young-people-in-western-balkan-countries-project-heinter-ngo-within-web4yes.html.

References

  • Adiyia, M., Ashton, W. (2017) Comparative research. Rural Development Institute, Brandon University. Retrieved September 2, 2021, from https://www.brandonu.ca/rdi/files/2017/07/RDI-Comparative-Research.pdf

  • Afonso, O., Monteiro, S., & Thompson, M. (2012). A growth model for the quadruple helix. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 13(5), 849–865.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Agrawal, K. A., & Rahman, Z. (2015, June–December). Roles and resource contributions of customers in value co-creation. International Strategic Management Review, 3(1–2), 144–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ism.2015.03.001

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Alizadeh, T., & Sipe, N. (2015). Brisbane’s digital strategy: An economic strategy for the digital age? Australian Planner, 52(1), 35–41.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Angeloska Dichovska, M., Petrevska Nechkoska, R., Tosheva, E. (2021). Internship of Students from Higher Education in Non-Governmental Organizations through the Application of “MultiCreation” approach, Scientific-Professional Gethering, Macedonian Scientific Society – Bitola., in source: Ангелоска Дичовска М., Петревска Нечкоска Р., Тошева Е. (2021), Пракса на студенти од високото образование во невладини организации преку примена на “MultiCrration” пристап, Научно - стручен собир, Македонско Научно Друштво - Битола.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, J. (2011). The technology–organization–environment framework. In Y. K. Dwivedi et al. (Eds.), Information systems theory: Explaining and predicting our digital society (Integrated series in information systems 28) (Vol. 1). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6108-2_12

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ballantyne, D. (2004). Dialogue and its role in the development of relationship specific knowledge. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 19(2), 114–123. https://doi.org/10.1108/08858620410523990

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Bhalla, G. (2014). How to plan and manage a project to co-create value with stakeholders. Strategy & Leadership, 42(2), 19–25.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Burdon, S., Mooney, G. R., & Al-Kilidar, H. (2015). Navigating service sector innovation using co-creation partnerships. Journal of Service Theory and Practice, 25(3), 285–303.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Bushe, G. R., & Marshak, R. J. (2016). The dialogic organization development approach to transformation and change. In W. Rothwell, J. Stravros, & R. Sullivan (Eds.), Practicing organization development (4th ed., pp. 407–418).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2009). ‘Mode 3’ and ‘Quadruple Helix’: Toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem. International Journal of Technology Management, 46(3/4), 201–234.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2010). Triple Helix, Quadruple Helix and Quintuple Helix and how do knowledge, innovation, and environment relate to each other? International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, 1(1), 41–69.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, W., & Taylor, S. A. (2016). The effectiveness of customer participation in new product development: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marketing, 80(1), 47–64.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Chathoth, P., Altinay, L., Harrington, R. J., Okumus, F., & Chan, E. S. (2013). Co-production versus co-creation: A process based continuum in the hotel service context. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 32, 11–20.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Colapinto, C., & Porlezza, C. (2012). Innovation in creative industries: From the quadruple helix model to the systems theory. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 3(4), 343–353.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Dong, B., & Sivakumar, K. (2017). Customer participation in services: Domain, scope, and boundaries. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 45(6), 944–965.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Durugbo, C., & Pawar, K. (2014). A unified model of the co-creation process. Expert Systems with Applications, 41(2014), 4373–4387.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Etzkowitz, H. (2003). Innovation in innovation: The triple helix of university-industry-government relations. Social Science Information, 42(3), 293–337.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Etzkowitz, H., & De Mello, J. M. C. (2004). The rise of a Triple Helix culture: Innovation in Brazilian economic and social development. International Journal of Technology Management and Sustainable Development, 2(1), 159–171.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (1995). The triple helix—University–industry–government relations: A laboratory for knowledge-based economic development. EASST Review, 14, 14–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. (2000). The dynamics of innovation: From national systems and “mode 2” to a triple helix of university-industry-government relations. Research Policy, 29, 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00055-4

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, X., & Luo, Y. (2020). Value co-creation: A literature review. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 8, 89–98. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2020.82008

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Galvagno, M., & Dalli, D. (2014). Theory of value co-creation: A systematic literature review. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 24(6), 643–683. https://doi.org/10.1108/MSQ-09-2013-0187

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Galvao, A., Mascarenhas, C., Marques, C., Ferreira, J., & Ratten, V. (2019). Triple helix and its evolution: A systematic literature review. Journal of Science and Technology, Policy Management, 10(3), 812–833.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Goodrick, D. (2014). Comparative case studies, methodological briefs impact evaluation, No. 9, 2014, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Retrieved September 1, 2021, from https://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/brief_9_comparativecasestudies_eng.pdf

  • Gottfridsson, P. (2014). Different actors’ roles in small companies service innovation. Journal of Services Marketing, 28(7), 547–557.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Gouvea, R., Kassicieh, S., & Montoya, M. J. R. (2013). Using the quadruple helix to design strategies for the green economy. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(2), 221–230.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Greenwood, D., & Levin, M. (2007). Introduction to action research: Social research for social change. Sage.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Grönroos, C. (2012). Conceptualising value co-creation: A journey to the 1970s and back to the future. Journal of Marketing Management, 28(13–14), 1520–1534.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Grönroos, C., Strandvik, T., & Heinonen, K. (2015). Value co-creation: Critical reflections. In J. Gummerus & C. Von Kuskull (Eds.), The Nordic School – Service marketing and management for the future. Hanken School of Economics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ind, N., & Coates, N. (2013). The meanings of co-creation. European Business Review, 25(1), 86–95.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Jaakkola, E., Helkkula, A., & Aarikka-Stenroos, L. (2015). Service experience co-creation, implications, and future research directions. Journal of Service Management, 26(2), 182–205.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Kambil, A., Ginsberg, A., & Bloch, M. (1996) Re-inventing value propositions. Stern Working Paper IS-96-21, New York University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kurt, S. (2017). ADDIE model: Instructional design. Educational Technology. Retrieved July 3, 2021, from https://educationaltechnology.net/the-addie-model-instructional-design/

  • Leclercq, T., Hammedi, W., and Poncin, I. 2016. Ten years of value cocreation: An integrative review. June 7, 2016 Review Article. https://doi.org/10.1177/2051570716650172.

  • Lesley, B., & Vavrus, F. (2016). Rethinking case study research. Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leydesdorff, L. (2012). The triple helix, quadruple helix,…, and an N-tuple of helices: Explanatory models for analyzing the knowledge-based economy? Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 3, 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-13011-10049-13134

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Leydesdorff, L. (2013). N-tuple of helices. In E. G. Carayannis (Ed.), Encyclopedia of creativity, invention, innovation and entrepreneurship. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3858-8_200002

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Loureiro, S. M. C., Bilro, R. G., & Japutra, A. (2019). The effect of consumer-generated media stimuli onemotions and consumer brand engagement. Journal of Product and Brand Management, 29(3), 387–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loureiro, S. M. C., Romero, J., & Bilro, G. R. (2020, October). Stakeholder engagement in co-creation processes for innovation: A systematic literature review and case study. Journal of Business Research, 119, 388–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.09.038

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Lusch, R. F., & Vargo, S. L. (2006). Service-dominant logic as a foundation for a general theory. In R. F. Lusch & S. L. Vargo (Eds.), The service-dominant logic of marketing: Dialog, debate and directions (pp. 406–420). Sharpe Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maglio, P. P., & Jim Spohrer, J. (2008). Fundamentals of service science. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2008(36), 18–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0058-9

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Maglio, P. P., & Spohrer, J. (2007). Fundamentals of service science. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2008(36), 18–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-007-0058-9

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, J. (2013). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAdam, M., Miller, K., & McAdam, R. (2016). Situated regional university incubation: A multi-level stakeholder perspective. Technovation, 50, 69–78.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Merz, M. A., Zarantonello, L., & Grappi, S. (2018). How valuable are your customers in the brand value co-creation process? The development of a customer co-creation value (CCCV) scale. Journal of Business Research, 82, 79–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.08.018

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, K., McAdam, R., Moffett, S., Alexander, A., & Puthusserry, P. (2016). Knowledge transfer in university quadruple helix ecosystems: An absorptive capacity perspective. R&D Management, 46(2), 383–399.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Mustak, M., Jaakkola, E., & Halinen, A. (2013). Customer participation and value creation: A systematic review and research implications. Managing Service Quality, 23(4), 341–359.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Neghina, C., Caniëls, M. C. J., Bloemer, J. M. M., & van Birgelen, M. J. H. (2015). Value cocreation in service interactions: Dimensions and antecedents. Marketing Theory, 15(2), 221–242.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Oertzen, A. S., Odekerken-Schröder, G., Brax, A. S., & Mager, B. (2018). Co-creating services—Conceptual clarification, forms and outcomes. Journal of Service Management, 29(4), 641–679. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-03-2017-0067

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • O’Hern, M. S., & Rindfleisch, A. (2010). Customer co-creation: A typology and research agenda. In N. K. Malhotra (Ed.), Review of marketing research (Vol. 6, pp. 84–106). M.E. Sharpe.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Park, W. H. (2014). Transition from the triple helix to N-tuple helices? An interview with Elias G. Carayannis and David F. J. Campbell. Scientometrics, 99, 203–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-013-1124-3

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Perks, H., Gruber, T., & Edvardsson, B. (2012). Co-creation in radical service innovation: A systematic analysis of microlevel processes. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(6), 935–951. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00971.x

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Petrevska Nechkoska, R., & Angeloska Dichovska, M. (2019). ‘Multi creation’: Participatory learning approach for business: Academia collaboration. In R. Korez Vide (Ed.), Teaching methods for economics and business sciences, 3rd international scientific conference, boof of abstracts (pp. 13–13). University of Maribor Press. http://presspress.um.si/index.php/ump/catalog/download/408/403/682-1

  • Petrevska Nechkoska, R., Angeloska-Dichovska, M. (2020). “Multi creation” – Participatory learning approach for business – Academia collaboration. In Proceedings of 3rd international scientific conference teaching methods for economics and business sciences. Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of Maribor.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrevska Nechkoska, R. (2020). Tactical management in complexity: Managerial and informational aspects. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22804-0

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Petrevska Nechkoska, R., Koltovska Nechoska, D., & Angeleski, M. (2021). Engaging economics and traffic engineering students in community issues using the multicreation approach. Nase gospodarstvo/Our economy, 67(3), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.2478/ngoe-2021-0015

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Pinho, N., Beirão, G., Patrício, L., & Fisk, R. P. (2014). Understanding value co-creation in complex services with many actors. Journal of Service Management, 25(4), 470–493.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Pirinen, A. (2016). The barriers and enablers of co-design for services. International Journal of Design, 10(3), 27–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Prahalad, C. K., & Ramaswamy, V. (2004a). Co-creating unique value with customers. Strategy and Leadership, 32(3), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1108/10878570410699249

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Prahalad, C. K., & Ramaswamy, V. (2004b). Co-creation experiences: The next practice in value creation. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 18(3), 5–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/dir.20015

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ramaswamy, V., & Ozcan, K. (2018). What is co-creation? An interactional creation framework and its implications for value creation. Journal of Business Research, 84, 196–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.11.027

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez, M. S., & Garcia-Penalvo, F. J. (2018). Co-creation and open innovation: Systematic literature review. Comunicar, 54, 9–18.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Razak, A. A., & White, G. R. T. (2015). The triple helix model for innovation: A holistic exploration of barriers and enablers. International Journal of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling, 7(3), 278. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbpscm.2015.071600

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Ruoslahti, H. 2018. Co-creation of knowledge for innovation requires multi-stakeholder public relations. In Public relations and the power of creativity. Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/S2398-391420180000003007.

  • Russo-Spena, T., & Mele, C. (2012). Five co-s’ in innovating: A practice-based view. Journal of Service Management, 23(4), 527–553.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Saarijärvi, H., Kannan, P., & Kuusela, H. (2013). Value co-creation: Theoretical approaches and practical implications. European Business Review, 25(1), 6–19.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Schirr, G. R. (2012). Flawed tools: The efficacy of group research methods to generate customer ideas. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 29(3), 473–488. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00918.x

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Sein, M., Henfridsson, O., Purao, S., Rossi, M., & Lindgren, R. (2011). Action design research. MIS Quarterly, 35(1), 37–52.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Singaraju, P. S., Nguyen, A. Q., OutiNiininen, O., & Sullivan-Mort, G. (2016, April). Social media and value co-creation in multi-stakeholder systems: A resource integration approach. Industrial Marketing Management, 54, 44–55.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Spohrer, J., & Maglio, P. P. (2008). The emergence of service science: Toward systematic service innovations to accelerate co-creation of value. Production and Operations Management, 17(3), 238–246. https://doi.org/10.3401/poms.1080.0027

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Strangelove, M. (1994). The internet as catalyst for a paradigm shift. Computer-Mediated Communication Magazine, 1, 7–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilly, C. (1984). Big structures, large processes, huge comparisons. Russell Sage Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tornatzky, L. G., & Fleischer, M. (1990). The processes of technological innovation. Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargo, L. S., & Akaka, A. M. (2012, September). Value cocreation and service systems (re)formation: A service ecosystems view. Service Science, 4(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1287/serv.1120.0019

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2008). Service-dominant logic: Continuing the evolution. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), 1–10.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Voorberg, W., Bekkers, V., & Tummers, L. G. (2014). A systematic review of co-creation and coproduction: Embarking on the social innovation journey. Public Management Review. (Forthcoming).

    Google Scholar 

  • Voorberg, W., Bekkers, V., Tummers, L. G., & Tonurist, P. (2015). Co-creation and citizen involvement in social innovation: A comparative case study across 7 EU-countries. Funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement No. 320090. Research report No. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vargo, L. S., Maglio, P. P., & Akaka, A. M. (2008). On value and value co-creation: A service systems and service logic perspective. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2008.04.003

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Y., Holgaard, J. E., & Remmen, A. (2012). What can triple helix frameworks offer to the analysis of ecoinnovation dynamics? Theoretical and methodological considerations. Science and Public Policy, 39(3), 373–385.

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, X., & Chen, R. (2008, December). Examining the mechanism of the value co-creation with customers. International Journal of Production Economics, 116(2), 242–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2008.09.004

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

  • Zwass, V. (2010). Co-creation: Toward a taxonomy and an integrated research perspective. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 15(1), 11–48. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEC1086-4415150101

    CrossRef  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Renata Petrevska Nechkoska

  2. Faculty of Economics, Prilep, University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bitola, North Macedonia

    Renata Petrevska Nechkoska, Monika Angeloska Dichovska & Marjan Angeleski

  3. Faculty of Technical Sciences, University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bitola, North Macedonia

    Daniela Koltovska Nechoska

  4. Faculty of Information and Communication Technologies, University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bitola, North Macedonia

    Mimoza Bogdanoska Jovanovska

Authors
  1. Renata Petrevska Nechkoska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Monika Angeloska Dichovska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Marjan Angeleski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Daniela Koltovska Nechoska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Mimoza Bogdanoska Jovanovska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Renata Petrevska Nechkoska .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Renata Petrevska Nechkoska

  2. Faculty of Economics, Prilep, University St. Kliment Ohridski, Bitola, North Macedonia

    Gjorgji Manceski

  3. Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Geert Poels

Rights and permissions

Reprints and Permissions

Copyright information

© 2023 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Petrevska Nechkoska, R., Angeloska Dichovska, M., Angeleski, M., Koltovska Nechoska, D., Bogdanoska Jovanovska, M. (2023). MultiCREATION: Multi-Stakeholder Problem-Driven Approach. In: Petrevska Nechkoska, R., Manceski, G., Poels, G. (eds) Facilitation in Complexity. Contributions to Management Science. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11065-8_8

Download citation

Search

Navigation